bin/mysqld –initialize –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data –log-error=/usr/local/mysql/logs/log.err

–defaults-file=file_name

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-options.html

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/option-files.html

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/data-directory-initialization-mysqld.html

##mysqld-safe启动脚本说明(MySQL Server Startup Script)

推荐使用mysqld-safe来启动mysqld服务，它增加了一些安全特性，如重启服务发生错误时会写入日志文件，运行时错误信息写入等

mysqld_safe会尝试启动一个名称叫mysqld的可执行程序，如果想指定一个特定的程序名称，使用–mysqld 或 –mysqld-version选项。还可以用–ledir选项指定在哪个目录搜索mysqld程序

mysqld_safe的许多选项配置是和mysqld一样的,如果指定了一个mysqld_safe不存在的参数，将传递给mysqld，但是如果在配置文件中指定了mysqld_safe组选项，将忽略

mysqld_safe会从配置文件中读取mysqld,server,mysqld_safe等项的配置内容

如你在配置文件中指定了如下信息

[mysqld]
log-error=error.log

mysqld_safe会找到它并用–log-error初始化它

mysqld_safe接受命令行参数配置和配置文件参数配置

如果使用 –defaults-file or –defaults-extra-file配置文件，则参数必需在第一个

mysqld_safe --defaults-file=file_name --port=port_num

mysqld_safe启动要满足下面2个条件中的任意一个

1.mysqld服务程序,data目录可以在相对于工作目录(调用mysqld_safe的目录)目录下找到。 如果是二进制安装，mysqld_safe会搜索bin,data目录下的内容 如果是源码编译安装，mysqld_safe会搜索libexec和var目录下的内容

2.如果工作目录(调用mysqld_safe的目录)下没有mysqld,data程序，它会尝试调用绝对路径，通常是/usr/local/libexec and /usr/local/var目录，如果在配置时指定了相应的目录，应该是以配置的为准。

所以可以在mysql的安装目录（可以是任何位置,如/usr/local/mysql）用以下命令启动mysqld

shell> cd mysql_installation_directory
shell> bin/mysqld_safe &

如果启动失败，可以用 –ledir 和 –datadir 选项指定mysqld服务所在位置，和数据文件目录位置

可以用以下配置，设置mysql错误日志文件位置

–log-error=file_name 写入错误信息到相应的位置,默认是在data目录下的host_name.err文件 –syslog 同时写入错误信息到syslog –skip-syslog 不写入错误信息到syslog 默认使用–skip-syslog

以下是mysqld_safe接受的命令行参数和配置文件参数。更多的配置文件参数，请参数配置文件说明

Table 5.1 mysqld_safe Options

Format Description Introduced –basedir Path to MySQL installation directory –core-file-size Size of core file that mysqld should be able to create –datadir Path to data directory –defaults-extra-file Read named option file in addition to usual option files –defaults-file Read only named option file –help Display help message and exit –ledir Path to directory where server is located –log-error Write error log to named file –malloc-lib Alternative malloc library to use for mysqld –mysqld Name of server program to start (in ledir directory) –mysqld-safe-log-timestamps Timestamp format for logging 5.7.11 –mysqld-version Suffix for server program name –nice Use nice program to set server scheduling priority –no-defaults Read no option files –open-files-limit Number of files that mysqld should be able to open –pid-file Path name of process ID file –plugin-dir Directory where plugins are installed –port Port number on which to listen for TCP/IP connections –skip-kill-mysqld Do not try to kill stray mysqld processes –skip-syslog Do not write error messages to syslog; use error log file –socket Socket file on which to listen for Unix socket connections –syslog Write error messages to syslog –syslog-tag Tag suffix for messages written to syslog –timezone Set TZ time zone environment variable to named value –user Run mysqld as user having name user_name or numeric user ID user_id

参考http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqld-safe.html